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Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium that occurs naturally in soil and freshwater, but usually in low numbers. This bacterium thrives under favorable conditions, such as stagnant water with temperatures between 25 and 50°C, presence of biofilm or organic material. These conditions are often found in man-made hot water systems, such as drinking water pipes, swimming pools and air coolers. Legionella can multiply in biofilm or sediment in ‘dead’ corners of pipes and reservoirs, which can lead to Legionellosis.
Prevention usually involves heat treatment of water systems to kill Legionella, followed by flushing of the distribution system. However, in complex industrial systems it is difficult to heat the entire system homogeneously because of dead spots. In addition, Legionella can survive and even thrive in dead organic matter after treatment.
Legionella can also occur in cold water pipes due to improper installation or proximity to hot water pipes, leading to growth at temperatures above 25°C. This makes controlling Legionella pneumophila difficult and requires attention to prevention in water pipes.
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| Temperature (°C ) | State [8] |
|---|---|
| above 70 °C | Legionella dies almost immediately |
| 60 °C | 90% die within 2 minutes ( D-value of 2 minutes) |
| 50 °C | 90% die within 80-124 minutes ( D-value of 80-124 minutes) |
| 48-50 °C | can survive but does not multiply |
| 44-45 °C | growth decreases significantly above this temperature |
| 32 to 42 °C | optimal temperature to multiply |
| 20 to 50 °C | able to grow |
| below 25 °C | recommended temperature to store cold water, ideally below 20°C |
| below 20 °C | almost no growth |
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Legionella pneumophila is a bacterium that occurs naturally in soil and freshwater, but usually in low numbers. This bacterium thrives under favorable conditions, such as stagnant water with temperatures between 25 and 50°C, presence of biofilm or organic material. These conditions are often found in man-made hot water systems, such as drinking water pipes, swimming pools and air coolers. Legionella can multiply in biofilm or sediment in ‘dead’ corners of pipes and reservoirs, which can lead to Legionellosis.
Prevention usually involves heat treatment of water systems to kill Legionella, followed by flushing of the distribution system. However, in complex industrial systems it is difficult to heat the entire system homogeneously because of dead spots. In addition, Legionella can survive and even thrive in dead organic matter after treatment.
Legionella can also occur in cold water pipes due to improper installation or proximity to hot water pipes, leading to growth at temperatures above 25°C. This makes controlling Legionella pneumophila difficult and requires attention to prevention in water pipes.
.
| Temperature (°C ) | State [8] |
|---|---|
| above 70 °C | Legionella dies almost immediately |
| 60 °C | 90% die within 2 minutes ( D-value of 2 minutes) |
| 50 °C | 90% die within 80-124 minutes ( D-value of 80-124 minutes) |
| 48-50 °C | can survive but does not multiply |
| 44-45 °C | growth decreases significantly above this temperature |
| 32 to 42 °C | optimal temperature to multiply |
| 20 to 50 °C | able to grow |
| below 25 °C | recommended temperature to store cold water, ideally below 20°C |
| below 20 °C | almost no growth |
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